A sample of sputum is added to a substance that promotes the growth of germs. Specimen collection must be postponed for 1 to 2 hours after eating or the administration of a tube feeding, so the procedure would have to be delayed if the patient has just finished having lunch. Sputum is the mucous or phlegm coughed up from your lungs. Cultureindependent detection and characterisation of. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the cambridge english dictionary. These findings suggest that sputum has a detrimental effect on pulmonary function and that physiotherapy can reduce airways obstruction. It is not saliva or mucous from the back of the throat. A sputum culture requires minimal effort on your part. Its best to collect sputum specimens first thing in the morning, when you. Nebulized hypertonic saline and distilled water collected in. Nov 05, 1977 these findings suggest that sputum has a detrimental effect on pulmonary function and that physiotherapy can reduce airways obstruction. Curry national tuberculosis center patrick macardle, pe, institutional consultation services, francis j. It is a substance known as phlegm, and it can be an indicator of many respiratory infections.
Pdf yield of two consecutive sputum specimens for the. Surveillance manual meningococcal vaccine preventable. Aphl submission of sputum specimens for tb testing 2. The speaker will discuss the culture of sputum, throat and other respiratory specimens including. Highquality specimens are vital for the laboratory diagnosis of tb, and sputum is the most frequent specimen collected for tb testing. There has been no study to evaluate the diagnostic value of this method in patients with healthcareassociated pneumonia hcap. About fifty pages are devoted to a discussion of the character and clinical significance of the sputum in some twenty of the more common diseases of the bronchi and lungs. Tb fact sheet series sputum collection during tb treatment. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. It can contain bacteria, tissue particles, blood, and really anything that is in the lungs. Sputum or phlegm is the term used to describe the mucus or pus discharge that the respiratory tract expectorates.
The specimen may be examined microscopically for the presence of malignant cells cytologic examination or tested to identify pathogenic bacteria bacteriologic examination. Transport specimen to the microbiology laboratory immediately at room. Few prior studies have specifically examined the role of sputum color. The term sputum often used interchangeably with the phlegm but technically if we take a look at these words, they have a little bit of difference as.
Sputum smears and culture conversion are frequently used to evaluate treatment response in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Meningococcal disease is a serious and potentially lifethreatening infection caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. If your doctor thinks you have pneumonia, he or she might examine a sample of your sputum, the phlegm that you cough out of your lungs, to try to determine what type of bacteria or other infectious agent might be the cause. Sputum collection at least three consecutive sputum specimens are needed. Sputum examination routine test for infections dr lal. It is very common to notice this phlegm occasionally or in small quantities, but it can also be more plentiful. In many cases, the presence of this sputum indicates that you have a respiratory disease which causes phlegm production.
It is critical that the patient not give a specimen that includes any mucoid material from the interior of the nose. Sputum smear microscopy is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Webcast windows media, 20 kbps powerpoint presentation 1. Choose from 500 different sets of sputum specimen collection flashcards on quizlet.
Some diseases can cause pus, blood, or bacteria to show up in the sputum. It allows for the isolation of bacterial or eukaryotic dna from the sputum samples using a convenient spin column format. Mucoid, mucopurulent or purulent sputum is thicker and often more sticky than normal sputum. The sputum typically includes large quantities of pus in the case of infections and has more mucus as opposed to pus in the case of noninfectious inflammatory issues. Isolation and identification of microorganism from sputum of. Lower airway inflammation was assessed noninvasively using induced sputum in 34 normal controls and 259 adults with. Is sputum evaluation useful for patients with community. Binay thapa, microbiologist, public health laboratory 3. In medicine, sputum samples are usually used for naked eye exam, microbiological investigations of respiratory infections and cytological investigations of respiratory systems. Sonam wangchuk, microbiologist, head of public health laboratory 2. It is essential that the specimen obtained be mucus from the lungs and bronchi and not saliva. Ii, issue 10 january 2015 154 and cotriamoxazole, aztreonam, cefuroxime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, imepenem and gentamicin were found effective in majority of the isolates. Definition, colors, causes, and when to see a doctor. Poor quality specimens will be rejected and a repeat requested.
A sample of sputum is collected in a sterile, widemouthed, dry, leakproof and breakresistant plasticcontainer and. First, we examined whether the sputum ph could be reproducible under the conditions of 1 different time points after sample collection and 2 different temperatures of sample preservation. A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. Mycobacteriology laboratory manual world health organization. Clinical practice guideline standard operating procedure.
Sputum specimens will be collected in the early morning if possible. Instructions for collecting sputum for tb tuberculosis minnesota. This kit constitutes an allinone system for the rapid isolation of dna from sputum samples. The kit includes all the reagents needed to process sputum dna including a sputum liquifier to reduce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of sputum gram stain in etiological diagnosis and pathogentargeted antibiotic treatment. Specimen collection suspect or confirmed tb patients should be in a negative pressure room specimen collection is an aerosol generating procedure, anyone in the room during specimen collection must wear a particulate respirator type n95 and be part of the respirator protection plan all mycobacteria specimens are collected. Sputum is a type of thick mucus that is produced by the lungs when they are diseased or damaged. Standard manual for laboratory technicians on sputum smear microscopy. Dec 28, 20 nebulized hypertonic saline and distilled water collected in.
The effectiveness of sputum ph analysis in the prediction. The upside of steelyard aside from the obvious nightlife right at your door is that your right by the tram, and its really not that long of a ride to get to midtown. To the physician who is accustomed to order the sending of a specimen of sputum to the laboratory for examination as a routine procedure and does not get first hand knowledge of the appearances of these various types of disease exudates, the contents of this monograph will quickly prove to him that he has neglected a major portion of his part of the clinical examination. Obtaining induced sputum by inhaling hypertonic saline aerosols generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer is a useful technique for helping identify active inflammation in the airways characteristic of asthma.
Safe sputum induction for suspected or known infectious tuberculosis tb patients. Other specimens may be more accurate and might be taken in addition if the clinical condition of a patient dictates so. Mucous material from the lungs that is produced brought up by coughing. Assessment of sputum quality and its importance in the rapid.
Janet abernathy, rn, catholic healthcare west catherine cao, francis j. Have patient rinse mouth with water after brushing gums and tongue. Sputum specimen definition of sputum specimen by medical. To the physician who is accustomed to order the sending of a specimen of sputum to the laboratory for examination as a routine procedure and does not get first hand knowledge of the appearances of these various types of disease exudates, the contents of this monograph will quickly prove to him that. View details of cost of test, pretest information and report availability on dr lal pathlabs. Type characteristics associated pathology purulent thick, yellowgreen sputum infectious pneumonia, bronchiectasis and abscess mucoid clear, greywhite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma serous clear, frothy, can be pink pulmonary oedema blood blood malignancy, pulmonary embolus, clotting disorders, infection click here to. Type characteristics associated pathology purulent thick, yellowgreen sputum infectious pneumonia, bronchiectasis and abscess mucoid clear, greywhite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma serous clear, frothy, can be pink pulmonary oedema blood blood malignancy, pulmonary embolus, clotting disorders, infection click. Isolation and identification of microorganism from sputum. The effectiveness of sputum ph analysis in the prediction of. Sputum is mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways the trachea and bronchi. Sputum definition, matter, as saliva mixed with mucus or pus, expectorated from the lungs and respiratory passages. The necessary amount of sputum for most tests is 5 ml about 1 teaspoon. However, multiple tests are often ordered so more specimen may be needed.
Apart from the consistency, the color of purulent sputum may vary from white or gray to yellow, green, rustcolored or brown. How to pronounce sputum in english cambridge dictionary. A sputum culture is a test to find germs such as bacteria or a fungus that can cause an infection. Mechanical methods of liquefaction are time consuming and do not provide major. Step 1 it is very important that the sputum is the material coughed up from the lungs, and not saliva spit from the mouth, or. Some testing is best done on serial specimens, so you may be asked to collect for three days in a row.
Here are some examples of possible causes of green sputum as well as the other sputum colors associated with them. Dr lal pathlabs offers test service for sputum examination routine test for checking infections. A person who has an infection or disease of the respiratory system may cough up sputum. The effectiveness of sputum ph analysis in the prediction of response to therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis makoto masuda 1, 2, 3, takashi sato 1, 2, kentaro sakamaki 4, makoto kudo 1, 2, takeshi kaneko 2, yoshiaki ishigatsubo 1. B purpose and content of sputum induction guideline this guideline provides practicebased guidance on conducting sputum induction safely. How to safely collect sputum samples from patients suspected to be. With the aid of a nebulizer, have patients inhale about 25 ml of 3 to 10% sterile saline. In a study of inpatients at a veterans hospital, yellow was the only sputum color that correlated. Normally, fresh morning sample is preferred for the bacteriological examination of sputum. Which criterion makes it appropriate for the nurse to delegate to nursing assistive personnel nap the skill of collecting a sputum specimen. Microbiological processing of respiratory specimens from.
A subgroup of 60 patients had a distinctive sputum cell profile with a neutrophil count higher than our normal range 65. Given the high viscosity of sputa from patients with cf, especially those with advanced disease, if quantitative bacteriology is desired sputa must first be liquefied with agents such as nacetylcysteine mucomyst. Induced sputum worksheet for fev1 1 liter qxq, isw, version a, 91710 page 2 of 4 the sputum sample should be kept on ice throughout the induction procedure. Jun 09, 2019 sputum is a thick fluid that is produced in the lungs and in the airways that lead to the lungs. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 607k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Both the black and white figures and the colored plates are well chosen and well reproduced. The incremental yield of the second sputum sample in the sameday. Sputum definition is matter expectorated from the respiratory system and especially the lungs that is composed of mucus but may contain pus, blood, fibrin, or microorganisms such as. Step 1 it is very important that the sputum is the material coughed up from the lungs, and not saliva spit from the mouth, or mucous from the back of the throat. Based on the clients understanding it maybe recommended to collect the specimens 24 hours. Specimen collection, handling, transport and processing. A sputum culture is a sample of the gooey substance that often comes up from your chest when you have an infection in your lungs or airways doctors use it to figure out what might be causing.
The samples were sputum specimens from patients with lower respiratory tract infections lrti and had been through gram staining and. Administrative controls, including signage and a sample sputum induction procedure. Sputum evaluation and sputum induction harvard health. The debate as to whether asthma is a single or heterogeneous disease remains unresolved although pathological studies, mostly using fibreoptic bronchoscopy on small numbers of subjects, have emphasised the similarities between different clinical phenotypes. A second specimen cup labeled waste should be used to capture any salivasalt water expectorant. My pulmonologist wants me to give a sputum sample to test my sputum eosinophils so we can get a better picture of whats going on in my lungs. Sputum is the medical terminology word for the thick liquid that is coughed up from lungs. This is partly due to the greater mucus production coupled with pus in the purulent types.
You simply need to provide the sample for the lab to test. What is the significance of different sputum types. Sputum is a thick fluid made in the lungs and in the airways leading to the lungs. Sputum examination and analysis linkedin slideshare. The usefulness of sputum gram stain in patients with communityacquired pneumonia cap is controversial. To reduce the likelihood of transmission to others, patients are encouraged to collect their sputum specimens outdoors whenever possible. Youll be asked to cough deeply to bring up the sputum from your lungs. Isolation and identification of microorganism from sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients european academic research vol. Sputum examination routine test for infections dr lal pathlabs. Validation of sputum gram stain for treatment of community. An expectorated sputum sample may not necessarily be the best specimen to determine the causative organism of a bacterial chest infection.
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